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The Coaching Quad and Coaching Cycle
The TOC Coaching Approach from I & J Munn Ltd
Dr Ted Hutchin & Prof Dave Stevens

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Our passion is working with people and helping them on their journey.
To do that we use what we call the “Coaching Quad", which contains the four key
aspects of any coaching process: Healing, Reconciling, Sustaining and Guiding.
These four aspects have been developed over many years and form the foundation of our work. There is no
fixed starting point, that is determined through our use of the coaching cycle (see below). Therefore
the starting point for any coaching assignment can be anywhere within the Quad.
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Healing and Restoring
This might seem an odd title for this aspect but many of our coaching projects in the past have centred
on the need to restore broken relationships, between individuals and between teams, and even between
departments or divisions! Clearly if relationships are broken to this extent then the first step is to
seek out a map that restores these relationships and move to a situation where win-win is the dominant
outcome of all negotiations and engagements throughout the organisation. This is also about addressing
the issues that are causing discomfort for people within the organisation, the team, or sometimes
within themselves. Change itself can cause trauma, and once more we find ourselves helping people cope
with the demands that change can create.
Reconciling and Mediating
This aspect is very much where we set out to address the conflicts and issues that cause all manner of
disputes. These conflicts can be between people, between functions, and sometimes the conflict of
subordinating to the changes being asked of the individual. Of course there is overlap with other
aspects of the Quad, but dealing with conflicts is a major aspect of our work, reconciling differences
and helping to create a win-win solution that restores a healthy balance within the organisation and/or
the team.
Sustaining and Nurturing
This aspect is all about trying to help with the question “what happens next?" For many people the changes that take place are fully agreed, and any issues that arise as a result of the changes
are overcome – but then there is a sense of “so what now?" The ability to sustain progress towards the
goal is fundamental to any coaching activity. We have used this in both Rugby and Sailing where even
the best know that there is a need to maintain the current level of expertise and excellence, and then
to move to the next level. This applies to Olympic Sailors and International Rugby players as much as
to any person working in any organisation! This is all about journey, a walking alongside someone,
perhaps even the team, to enable them to maintain progress for themselves.
Guiding and Mentoring
This aspect is concerned with helping people recognise the direction they are taking today and checking
as to whether this is the right direction! Many times we find people are working hard, but when we
ask them about the goal they are striving to achieve, it becomes clear that they are working hard in the
wrong direction! They might even be putting in more and more hours in order to drive themselves
in precisely the wrong direction, and perhaps also driving their team in the same manner. Guiding
starts with discovering the goal, and the necessary conditions that must be achieved for the goal to be
achieved. Then, through a simple approach, we set out to determine if the current direction is the
correct one. This is part of being able to paint a compelling picture of what the future might, or
should, look like. This is where we ask, and try to help each person to answer, the questions “what?”
and “why?”.
The Coaching Cycle
In addition to the Quad we have also developed a Coaching Cycle of five steps which we use for any
coaching activity. The cycle is used at three levels; the first is that of the individual, the second
that of the team, and finally the third is that of the organisation. At each of those levels the tools
used to answer the five questions are the same, simply working at deeper levels of understanding and
analysis.

Step One: what's holding us back?
This is the starting point for understanding why we feel stuck in our journey. What is holding us
back? Why are we not making more progress? Why is life so difficult? The first step in our analysis
involves LISTENING. We take time to sit with people, to listen to them and capture the issues and
problems they are facing, the hopes and desires they have, or perhaps once had, and from that to start
to paint a picture of the environment in which they are living and working, and which is possibly
hurting them.
Step Two: why is this holding us back?
This is not just a simple intuitive reaction; to answer this question, if we are really serious, we
need to apply some real analytical tools. The reason for this level of rigour is that we have found,
over the last twenty years or so, that in a complex situation, in an environment where there seems to
be a very high level of complexity in everything, the need to find simplicity is paramount - the
inherent simplicity that lies in all complex environments. We use the powerful analytical process
rooted in the Theory of Constraints approach (TOC) and which has been used in this field for many years
with great success. This step asks a simple question – “what do we have to change in order to move
forward?” When this step has been completed the key barriers to progress are known – but we are not
done yet!
Step Three: what is the compelling picture going forward?
This is all about painting the picture of where we want to get to by answering the question “what to
change to?” Looking at the description of the problems and issues involved we now develop a structured
picture of what the future might look like if we can break free from where we are. This picture is
then submitted to scrutiny in order to have confidence that this is actually the future state we would
really like to have in our possession.
Step Four: how do we achieve the objectives set?
So what is stopping us? There will always be obstacles to the achievement of the goal, so we need to
surface them and deal with them. But we are not going to do this in an ad hoc manner, rather in a
structured and logical manner that gives us confidence that when we start the journey we will arrive at
the destination. We can also put in milestones that enable us to see progress, which in itself gives
confidence that we are on the right pathway.
Step Five: review and reflect the journey
This is a crucial step. We need to look back and reflect on the journey. What have we learned along
the way, did we have any problems and issues that arose during the journey that we did not anticipate
at the start? Have we changed our view on the goal, is it still the goal or perhaps we now feel there
is a larger goal that now lies before us? We invite those we are working with to keep a simple journal
in order to help with this review, and thus quickly identify any constraints that appeared on the
journey, and also the good points that we achieved.
If you would like further information please contact us by telephone or
e-mail (see below). We will usually come to see you and sometimes also
your team. We will take you through the approach, how it works and what we would expect a coaching
project would look like for you and your team.
For individual coaching, please visit our One-to-One Coaching and Mentoring page.
If you would like to develop your own mentoring skills by learning to use the approach outlined above,
please visit our Mentoring Master-Class page.
TEL: 01664 502860
E-MAIL: tedh@constraintmanagement.co.uk

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